What map symbols stand for

Map symbolization is the process of using visual elements to represent real-world features on a map. It involves choosing appropriate symbols (like shapes, sizes, hues, patterns, etc.) to convey information about those features in a clear and concise way. Essentially, it’s how cartographers translate real-world data into a visual representation on a map.

Read the article by Roth, R.E. (2017). Visual Variables. In International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology (eds D. Richardson, N. Castree, M.F. Goodchild, A. Kobayashi, W. Liu and R.A. Marston). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0761

A guide to the symbols of the U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps can be found here. While a similar guide to the Ordance Survey’s map symbols can be found here. But there are map symbols for special use and special kinds of maps and audiences too. For instance, check out the symbols by the International Specification for Orienteering Maps, designated for the orienteering enthousiasts!