The YouTube video A Brief History of Cartography and Maps showcases how old the practice of cartography and Map-making is. An Introduction to cartography and maps short presentation is provided in the course materials.
For more details, you may also read the Article from the Ordnance Survey (UK) that introduces basic cartographic concepts.
Moreover, “Chapter 1 Cartography” (pp.1-7) of the book the World of Maps, by B. Rystedt, F.J. Ormeling (ed.), International Cartographic Association, Stockholm, 2014, 147 pages, is a valuable piece of information on basic elements of Cartography and Maps. For the french-speaking audience, the chapter is translated into french and available from the French Cartographic Committee (Comite Francais de Cartographie).
Finally, an extensive reading on Scientific Cartography is by Griffin, A. (2021). Cartography and Science. The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (1st Quarter 2021 Edition), John P. Wilson (Ed.). DOI: 10.22224/gistbok/2021.1.9.